Microsoft Word is probably the best-known word pro­cessing software on the market. In fact, many people use the term ‘Word’ gen­er­ic­ally to refer to any word pro­cessing program. Despite years of de­vel­op­ment and wide­spread use, the Word ap­plic­a­tion doesn’t always run smoothly. Often, Word freezes during startup or will not open a file. In many cases, the problem is not caused by Word itself, but by pre­vi­ously installed add-ins, macros, or antivirus software. Corrupted documents or templates can also prevent Word from re­spond­ing when you launch it.

Restart and install updates

This simple trick will often resolve the issue:

  1. Instead of opening Word by double-clicking a document, click the ap­plic­a­tion icon.
  2. Create a new document and save it. In most cases, you can then open Word as usual by double-clicking on a document after that.

Missing updates in the program are another common source of the problem. Sometimes, Microsoft Word stops working or fails to open if the latest updates have not been installed and you’re using newer macros or Windows system com­pon­ents. Make sure that both Word and Windows are auto­mat­ic­ally updated on a regular basis.

Tip

Microsoft 365, formerly known as ‘Microsoft Office 365’ is a server-based Office suite including Word, Excel, and Power­Point for personal users and small busi­nesses. With Microsoft 365, you always auto­mat­ic­ally have the latest version and never have to worry about updates.

Here’s how to receive automatic updates:

  1. In the Windows 10 settings app, choose ‘Update and Security’ and then ‘Windows Update’ and click on ‘Advanced options’ at the bottom of the screen.
  2. In the next window, turn on ‘Receive updates for other Microsoft products when you update Windows’. This means that Windows Update will auto­mat­ic­ally search for updates for Word and other Office com­pon­ents and install them in the back­ground along with Windows security updates.

Start Word in Safe Mode

You can start Word in Safe Mode, as you would if you were having dif­fi­culties starting Windows. Safe Mode bypasses add-ins, macros, cus­tom­ised toolbars, or templates that are loaded auto­mat­ic­ally at startup. There are two ways to start Word in Safe Mode:

  1. Hold down the Ctrl key while double-clicking the Word icon to open the ap­plic­a­tion. Word then starts in Safe Mode.
  2. Al­tern­at­ively, you can use the ‘/safe’ command to open Word. To do this, use the keyboard shortcut Windows logo key + R and enter ‘winword /safe’.
Image: Starting Word in Safe Mode
Using a command to start Word in Safe Mode.

Safe mode also helps when another Microsoft Office ap­plic­a­tion such as Excel stops re­spond­ing.

Automatic Office Repair

Microsoft has a built-in Office Repair utility that you can use to fix many problems that cause Office ap­plic­a­tions like Word to stop re­spond­ing.

  1. This repair feature can be found in the Windows 10 settings under ‘Apps’.
  2. Search the list for ‘Microsoft Office’ and click on ‘Modify’.
  3. Choose ‘Yes’ when prompted by User Account Control to confirm.
  4. In the next dialogue box, you can choose to add or remove further features or repair the entire Office suite. If the repair is suc­cess­ful, you’ll usually be able to launch Word without any issues.

There is also an automatic document recovery feature that opens if documents were not saved the last time you closed Word. The next time you launch Word, the software will try to recover unsaved Word documents auto­mat­ic­ally.

Disable Word add-ins

If Word works in Safe Mode but doesn’t start properly other time, the problem is usually caused by a pre­vi­ously installed add-in.

  1. Click on ‘Options’ on the ‘File’ tab on the ribbon.
  2. In the next dialogue box, select the ‘Add-ins’ section in the sidebar. All installed add-ins will be listed.
  3. In the ‘Manage’ drop-down menu at the bottom of the dialogue box, select ‘COM Add-ins’ and click on ‘Go’.
  4. Uncheck the box for all COM add-ins in the list to start Word without these po­ten­tially prob­lem­at­ic add-ins. Select ‘OK’ and then restart Word. If an in­com­pat­ible add-in was causing Word to stop working, the ap­plic­a­tion should now run without any issues.
Image: Disabling COM add-ins
COM add-ins can cause Word to stop working.

In this dialogue box, you can re-enable in­di­vidu­al Word-add-ins one by one to locate the problem add-in. If possible, install a new version of the in­com­pat­ible add-in. Otherwise, remove it or leave it inactive until the vendor provides an update.

Delete Normal.dotm

Word uses the Normal.dotm template for all new documents. This template includes default styles, cus­tom­ised ribbons, and other settings. An error in this template can cause Word to stop working.

  1. First, close Word.
  2. Rename the ‘Normal.dotm’ file in the folder C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Templates. For example, you could rename it to ‘_Normal.dotm’.
  3. When you restart Word, a new default template will be created auto­mat­ic­ally. Any custom styles or other cus­tom­isa­tions will be lost.

Change the Windows default printer

Like all Microsoft Office ap­plic­a­tions, Word accesses in­form­a­tion from the installed default printer to match the layout of documents on the screen as closely as possible to the print layout. If the default printer driver does not work or the default printer is not connected, Word may fail to open.

  1. In the Windows 10 settings, go to ‘Devices’ and then ‘Printers & scanners’ and set a working printer as the default printer. For example, choose the pre­in­stalled ‘Microsoft Print to PDF’ printer.
  2. Restart Word. The problem should now be resolved if it was caused by the printer settings.
Image: Managing printers
You can specify the default printer in the Settings app under ‘Printers & scanners’.

Problems with antivirus software

Third-party antivirus software can cause Word to freeze when you open it or prevent it from opening at all. Some antivirus software does not recognise Word macros or add-ins correctly and blocks them. In many cases, an error message is not even displayed when this happens.

  1. Check the scan log of your antivirus software to see whether Word or a certain add-in was blocked.
  2. If you can’t find anything in the log, try to start Word with the antivirus software turned off. If this solves the problem, the antivirus software was most likely the culprit.
  3. Go to the settings of your antivirus software and try to exclude Word and other Microsoft Office com­pon­ents as well as all add-ins you want to use. You are less likely to have any issues opening Word and other Microsoft ap­plic­a­tions if you use the Microsoft Defender Antivirus software included in Windows 10 instead of third-party antivirus programs.
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