Time man­age­ment: meaning & tech­niques

By applying effective time man­age­ment strategies, you can pri­or­it­ise important tasks over less critical ones, plan your to-dos more ef­fi­ciently, carry them out con­sist­ently, and achieve better results. In this article, we share some useful time man­age­ment tips.

What does time man­age­ment mean?

Time man­age­ment helps you use your available time as ef­fi­ciently as possible in order to complete your tasks. But the term ‘time man­age­ment’ doesn’t really get to the heart of the matter because we can’t actually manage time. We can only manage the way we work. That’s why ‘self-man­age­ment’ has become an in­creas­ingly important term used when it comes to self-or­gan­isa­tion and the most efficient use of available time.

There are now many different time man­age­ment strategies and tech­niques that can help you pri­or­it­ise, plan, execute, and monitor your pro­fes­sion­al and personal tasks for success.

The benefits of time man­age­ment tech­niques

Improving your time man­age­ment takes a bit of effort at the beginning. You’ll need to ex­per­i­ment with different tech­niques and practice each one con­sist­ently over several weeks. Some methods might initially feel like extra work, but they will ul­ti­mately stream­line your workflows sig­ni­fic­antly. A time man­age­ment strategy needs to become a habit before you can truly assess its ef­fect­ive­ness. Often, a com­bin­a­tion of multiple strategies will yield the best results. Although trying out different tech­niques can be somewhat tedious, it typically proves to be well worth the effort.

If you’re wondering why time man­age­ment is important, it can provide a range of benefits:

• Greater pro­ductiv­ity
• Less stress
• More time for yourself, family, and friends
• Better work-life balance

An overview of the 9 best time man­age­ment tech­niques

Below is an overview of the most popular and effective time man­age­ment strategies. You can combine them to develop your own time man­age­ment tech­niques.

Eis­en­hower Principle

Do you have dif­fi­culty pri­or­it­ising tasks? Do you often spend so much time answering emails that you no longer have time to con­cen­trate on other tasks? Do you let meetings and phone calls fill up your day? Then you might want to apply the Eis­en­hower principle. It helps you pri­or­it­ise all your tasks by putting them into one of four quadrants that make up the Eis­en­hower matrix:

You should do quadrant 1 tasks im­me­di­ately, otherwise you may encounter problems. You should schedule quadrant 2 tasks and not neglect them (which can easily happen). Tasks in quadrant 3 should be delegated in order to reduce your workload. You should eliminate quadrant 4 tasks, or if you have no other choice, delegate them.

Pareto Principle

Are you con­stantly busy but notice that everyone else seems to be getting more done with less effort? If so, you can use the Pareto principle to improve your time man­age­ment. This principle ensures that you spend your time focusing on the tasks that have the biggest effect.

The Pareto principle states that 20 percent of the work accounts for 80 percent of the results. That means you should pri­or­it­ise the crucial 20 percent of tasks in your to-do list.

ABC analysis

An ABC analysis is a classic business man­age­ment technique for eval­u­at­ing the basic strategy of a company. This time man­age­ment technique helps you visualise factors that have a decisive impact on the company’s success.

The analysis examines questions such as:

• Which customers account for the largest share of revenue?
• Which products or services con­trib­ute most to the company’s profit?
• Which raw materials cost the most to procure and store?

In order to answer these questions, you organise the different elements into the cat­egor­ies ‘A’ (very important), ‘B’ (not as important), and ‘C’ (mar­gin­ally important). You can also divide these elements into more than three groups. The most important thing is that they’re clearly defined.

This gives you a guiding principle for further business planning and helps you decide which tasks you need to tackle next. The analysis is more of a pre­par­at­ory step for time man­age­ment.

ALPEN method

The ALPEN method is more of a technique for better or­gan­ising your workday than a tool for business planning. It shows you how to structure your day for maximum ef­fect­ive­ness in five steps:

A: Define your activities. This involves creating a list of all your to-dos.

L: Estimate the length of time. Get a rough idea of the time it takes to complete each activity in your list. The total planned time gives you an idea of whether you can manage your planned daily workload.

P: Plan buffer time. You should plan only 60 percent of your work time and reserve 40 percent for un­ex­pec­ted events and social activ­it­ies.

E: Establish pri­or­it­ised decisions. Decide which task you’ll work on first and which ones you’ll do later in the day. Pri­or­it­isa­tion tech­niques and time man­age­ment strategies such as the Eis­en­hower matrix and the ABC analysis can be useful here.

N: Note your level of success. In the evening, check how suc­cess­ful your planning was and whether you’ve achieved your goals.

Pomodoro technique

If you work in an office, you’re well aware of all the potential dis­trac­tions on your computer, including social media, emails, messages, and more. If you find it difficult to resist these enemies of pro­ductiv­ity and con­cen­trate on a single task for an extended period, you should try the Pomodoro technique.

Instead of resolving to tackle a single task with pure willpower before moving on to anything else, the Pomodoro technique breaks tasks down into small, man­age­able subtasks that are worked on in time intervals of 25 minutes each. After each 25-minute session (pomodoro), a five-minute break follows. After four pomodoros, you take a longer break of 30 minutes. This completes a full Pomodoro session.

By con­tinu­ously al­tern­at­ing between con­cen­tra­tion and rest, your brain is much more able to stay focused and effective over several hours.

SMART goals

If you and your team want to complete tasks in a motivated and efficient manner, you first have to set the right goals. If you set vague, un­real­ist­ic goals without a set deadline, you’ll sabotage your chances of success and never achieve good results, no matter which time man­age­ment strategy you use for or­gan­ising your daily tasks.

You can use the SMART method to avoid common pitfalls when setting goals. According to this proven method, good ob­ject­ives must meet five criteria: They should be specific, measurable, attractive, realistic, and time-bound.

Getting Things Done

You have many pro­fes­sion­al and personal com­mit­ments and want to ensure that no ap­point­ments are missed or that sudden time gaps go unused? The time man­age­ment strategy Getting Things Done (GTD) is an all-in-one system of lists and calendars for both work and personal life.

By capturing all your tasks and projects in writing, you’ll free up your mind and won’t forget anything. You can apply this strategy to any new in­form­a­tion you receive or task you are given. It consists of five steps: capture, clarify, organise, reflect, and engage.

You have to process your task list on a regular basis. The Getting Things Done technique provides a detailed decision-making process for deciding how to proceed with a task.

If you can’t complete a task within two minutes, put it on a different list such as ‘Projects’, ‘Next Actions’, or ‘Waiting For’. Enter ap­point­ments in your calendar. At least once a day, check your lists and decide which tasks you want to work on next.

Time­box­ing

The time­box­ing time man­age­ment technique comes from project man­age­ment. With this technique, you assign tasks to specific timeboxes within which the tasks must be completed. The technique is based on the as­sump­tion that tasks often take as much time as you have for them. Without a clear deadline, costs can increase or projects can be delayed un­ne­ces­sar­ily. Time­box­ing creates a pro­duct­ive sense of urgency.

Define timeboxes in which you or your team will focus on com­plet­ing a task or achieving a result. Timeboxes can span hours, days, or weeks, depending on whether you use the time man­age­ment strategy for in­di­vidu­al tasks or entire project sprints. For the technique to be effective, timeboxes shouldn’t be too long or too short, otherwise they’ll create stress, which impedes good results.

The POSEC method

The last strategy in our guide is POSEC, which is an acronym that stands for ‘Pri­or­it­ising by Or­gan­ising, Stream­lin­ing, Eco­nom­ising, and Con­trib­ut­ing’.

The POSEC method is based on psy­cho­lo­gist Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, where a person’s basic needs and duties hold the highest priority and serve as the found­a­tion for their more as­pir­a­tion­al goals. Below are the com­pon­ents of POSEC, in order of relative im­port­ance:

• P: Pri­or­it­ise: Start by deciding which goals you want to achieve and list them in order of im­port­ance. You should allocate the most time to the goals you identify as the most important.

• O: Organise: This step involves planning and or­gan­ising the recurring tasks and ob­lig­a­tions necessary to achieve your pri­or­it­ised goals. Having these tasks planned out provides stability and security, allowing you to progress to the next step.

• S: Stream­line: In this step, you find ways to complete your essential tasks more ef­fi­ciently. For tasks you must do but may not enjoy, saving time can allow you to focus on goals further down your priority list.

• E: Economise: This step involves al­loc­at­ing time for non-essential goals—those that are enjoyable or desirable but fall lower on your list of pri­or­it­ies. Using the ef­fi­cien­cies gained from stream­lin­ing, you can budget time for these goals.

• C: Con­trib­ute: In the final step, you give back to the community or your team, as your own needs have already been fulfilled. In your personal life, this might involve community service or helping others achieve their goals. In the workplace, it could mean offering sug­ges­tions or im­ple­ment­ing processes that benefit your team or or­gan­isa­tion.

Please note the legal dis­claim­er for this article.